SAiNSCE: Nanotechnology in Water Management/ Solutions for India

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Nanotechnology for Water Management

Safe & Suffiecient water through Nano Science Applications

Present challenges in Water management:

It is a paradoxical situation that one-third of the globe constitutes of water and still the world struggles with this basic necessity of life –water. Supply of clean water, safe water, potable water and that too adequately and on a regular basis, are the main issues faced by the people. Even in the 21st century, thousands of people walk for miles to quench their thirst, not even sure of what they are drinking. The plight of dumb animals devoid of water is still worse. Water borne diseases take lives of millions. Poor people in the developing world spend up to 25 per cent of their real income to have access to clean water. And the worst part is that the situation is predicted to get further grim with the resources depleting and the population pressure increasing. The increasing ecological imbalance on one hand and increased use by the urban elite further aggravate the problem.

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Solutions are being found out by use of science and technology for water harnessing, management and conservation. Purification, filtration, desalination, recycling, recharging of wells and tube wells are some of the means. Rain water harvesting, run-off conservation and economic use through micro irrigation and many other measures are presently employed to find solutions for this basic need. But the crux lies in finding faster and efficient solutions.

Application of nanotechnology to these conventional solutions in the first stage and for finding new solutions subsequently is a ray of hope in this area. Nanotechnology not only assures better quality but also with lesser energy consumption and hence at a much lower cost

Water management through Nanotechnology Applications: potential in India

Nanoscience applications in water management assume a special importance for a vast developing region like India. Given the diverse geographical conditions, different regions face a range of water problems varying in terms of magnitude. Problems of safe and potable water prevail alike other developing regions of the world, more so in the arid and semi arid regions. The prevalence of waterborne diseases is also quite high. Improving the quantum of supply of water as well as its quality, at an affordable cost, is what a common Indian would expect the most from the researchers and experts engaged in exploring strategic applications of nano science. This one area can change the socio economic scenario substantially.

What Nanotechnology offers:

Major Challenges	Solutions offered by the Nanotechnology
Providing clean and safe water devoid of virus, bacteria and other elements which the conventional methods can’t tackle	Filtration via nano membranes would ensure much more precision and purity Filtration through nano electropositive media can ensure improved filtration of pathogenic microbes, particularly those which are resistant to conventional depth filters Nanotechnology enabled filters also ensure filtration of those viruses and bacteria which are too small to be filtered by conventional filters
Providing clean and safe water at a lower cost	Affordable desalination is the panacea to the water problem. The high cost of conventional desalination is mainly owing to the energy cost. By strategic use of ultra thin membranes, thanks to nanotechnology, high pressure pumps, energy recovery systems, pretreatment systems, back flushing and other maintenance costs would be minimized substantially; some even eliminated. This would make desalination affordable even for the developing nations
Increasing the usability of unusable water through desalination, recycling	Nano filtration membrane technology is widely used to remove dissolved salts from salty water, remove micro pollutants, soften water and treating waste water Nano filters can remove up to 99 per cent of ammonia from contaminated waterways and sewage outflows. This allows the water to be recycled while the ammonia removed can be re-used as fertilizer
Conserving water	Conserving water is as important as increasing the supply of usable water. Nanotech has immense potential in this area since this precision technology has strategic solutions to control waste of water flowing through canals through better linings and coatings, better drip and sprinkler systems, more efficient coatings to stop seepage in household and industrial water systems and less requirement of back flush in filtration systems
Preserving the essential nutrients in water like calcium etc	Nanotechnology based filters can precisely select the substances and hence retention of essential ones will be possible
Measuring and monitoring contaminants at the trace level	Nano filters can analytically and effectively measure and monitor contaminants like arsenic, mercury and others even at the trace level, unlike the conventional ones which can measure only the concentrated high level contaminants
New possibilities	Nanotechnology enables various applications as under: Purification applications, ranging from high purity semiconductor and medical uses through home drinking water Remediation of both waste water and polluted ground water Desalination applications, including both sea water and brackish water

What SAiNSCE does:

The passion of SAiNSCE is to see to it that nano ideas are converted into commercially and socially viable solutions which make the earth a better place to live. Applications of nanotechnology for clean and safe water at affordable cost are very important part of SAiNSCE's mission.

SAiNSCE has undertaken an extensive compilation of various possibilities and networks in this area and is entering into tie-ups with researchers and companies manufacturing nano filters and membranes and other equipments for water purification, desalination, recycling and conservation.

SAiNSCE is also focusing to customize these products so as to suit the Indian requirements for bulk water supply, agricultural use, industrial use and household use.

What SAiNSCE is planning next:

SAiNSCE will zero down on certain Nanotechnology devices, mainly suitable to the conditions of the developing world

SAiNSCE will customize, promote and market efficient devices in India and elsewhere for ensuring better life for the people

SAiNSCE will eventually venture into production of select nanotechnology based water solutions for the Indian and global market.

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